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IB Geography: HL · Global interactions
Power, places and networks, human development, global risks. 3 subtopics, 15 key terms.
In this topic: 5.1 · 5.2 · 5.3
5.1Power, places and networks HL
Key terms
- Global interactions
- Flows of goods, money, people, information and ideas between places.
- Superpower
- A state with global influence (economic, military, political, cultural).
- KOF Globalisation Index
- A measure of economic, social and political globalisation.
- Transnational corporation (TNC)
- A company operating in many countries.
- Shrinking world
- Transport and ICT reduce the friction of distance.
Global power: the USA, China, the EU and others; hard and soft power; groupings such as the G7, G20 and BRICS.
The full notes, worked example and check questions for this subtopic are in the app.
Exam tip: Use the KOF index or trade data to give numbers on connectivity.
5.2Human development and diversity HL
Key terms
- Cultural diffusion
- The spread of cultural traits from one place to another.
- Glocalisation
- Adapting global products to local tastes (e.g. menus of fast-food chains).
- Cultural hybridity
- A mix of cultural influences creating something new.
- Cultural imperialism
- Domination of one culture over others.
- Backlash
- Resistance to globalisation (e.g. protectionism, nationalism).
Culture spreads through migration, media, tourism, TNCs and the internet; English is the dominant global language online.
The full notes, worked example and check questions for this subtopic are in the app.
Exam tip: For HL essays, show both sides: globalisation spreads and mixes cultures, but local identities push back.
5.3Global risks and resilience HL
Key terms
- Global risk
- An event that could cause significant negative impact across many countries.
- Geopolitical risk
- Risk from tensions between states (e.g. war, sanctions).
- Cyber risk
- Threats to data and digital infrastructure.
- Resilience
- Ability to absorb, adapt to and recover from shocks.
- Reshoring
- Bringing production back to the home country.
Risks of interconnection: financial contagion (2008 crisis), pandemics (COVID-19), supply-chain shocks (Suez Canal blockage, 2021), cyber attacks, disinformation.
The full notes, worked example and check questions for this subtopic are in the app.
Exam tip: In HL Paper 3 (b), evaluate: compare scales, actors and perspectives, then give a clear conclusion.
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